650-127 CGE Authorized Connected Grid Engineer Knowledge Verification

Exam Number 650-127
Duration 60 minutes (55-60 questions)
Available Languages English

This exam will test the knowledge of system engineers and field engineers regarding the features, functions, design, and planning for deployment of the Cisco Connected Grid technology solution. There will be a focus on the features and benefits of the Cisco 2010 Connected Grid Router (CGR 2010) and the Cisco 2500 Series Connected Grid Switch (CGS 2500). The solution deployment planning will include design, configuration, implementation, and integration.

Exam Topics
The following topics are general guidelines for the content likely to be included on the exam. However, other related topics may also appear on any specific delivery of the exam. In order to better reflect the contents of the exam and for clarity purposes, the guidelines below may change at any time without notice.

Introduction to Cisco Connected Grid Go-to-Market and Product Positioning
How to Sell
Cisco Connected Grid Ordering and Support
Cisco 2010 Connected Grid Router (CGR) Product Overview
Cisco 2500 Connected Grid Switch (CGS) Product Overview
Cisco Connected Grid Solutions

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QUESTION 1
Which of the following models supports Power over Ethernet?

A. CGS-2520-24TC
B. CGS-2520-16S-8PC
C. All CGS models
D. None of the modelsupportsPOE

Answer: C

Explanation:

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QUESTION 2
Which of the following is not a supported PDI Help Desk function?

A. design and configuration support
B. technical product question
C. implementation questions and support
D. On site support
E. RFP review

Answer: D

Explanation:

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QUESTION 3
Which function is available on the Cisco Series 2500 Connected Grid Switch?

A. EnergyWise
B. inputs and outputs for alarms
C. GRWIC modules
D. StackWise

Answer: C

Explanation:

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QUESTION 4
Which of these describes the overall vision of the Cisco Smart Grid?

A. Create a single infrastructure for Unified Communications from electrical generation plants to all
primary and secondary substations.
B. Integrate intelligent routing protocols into existing electrical grids.
C. Sell existing Cisco IP-based products to be used from end-to-end in our utility customer smart
grid deployments.
D. Design and architect an end-to-end communications infrastructure integrated with the power.

Answer: A

Explanation:

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QUESTION 5
How many power supply slots are available on each Cisco CGR 2010 chassis?

A. 1 slot
B. 4 slots
C. 2 slots
D. No slots because all power is integrated over IP.

Answer: C

Explanation:

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Why Google hasn't taken off in the cloud yet

And what the new head of Google’s cloud is going to do about it

Startup Gennion uses sensors to provide retailers with useful information on customer store traffic. The Spain-based Internet-of-Things company processes about 16,000 events per minute from its sensors and is hoping to scale up to thousands per second soon.

Like many young companies, Gennion launched in Amazon Web Services’ cloud. But Chief Architect Mariano Navas, a 15-year coding veteran who is on his third startup and runs a blog called Coding in Flip Flops, wasn’t impressed. He didn’t want to provision AWS virtual machines, storage and load balancers. He preferred to write code, so he tried Google’s cloud platform and hasn’t gone back.

Google would love to have more “frustrated AWS customer moves to Google” success stories like Gennion. But while Google’s cloud has been attracting developers in flip flops and startups in droves, it’s now time for the company to start looking for bigger wins.

Google Cloud Platform is in the unique position of being one of the Big Three Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) offerings. But at the same time, it is generally considered by cloud watchers as the third-best option behind AWS and Microsoft.

To help it break out of third place, Google acquired VMware Co-founder Diane Greene’s stealthy startup, dubbed Bebop, for $380 million and put her in charge of its Google’s cloud efforts. But even though she took VMware from niche technology provider to enterprise staple, making Google cloud a must-have for big organizations won’t be easy.
If AWS could do it …

The biggest criticism against AWS used to be its lack of adoption by enterprises. It took the business years to develop the sales and engineering staff, build relationships with systems integrators and convince wary enterprise customers that the cloud is safe.

Just last year AWS seemed to turn the corner by trotting out Capital One, General Electric and Accenture as case studies at its re:Invent conference.

Google now must follow similar process, and there’s reason to think the company can succeed given that it’s got the technology and talent.
"We’re investing to be a major player in the cloud."

Brian Stevens, vice president of cloud platforms at Google

Google believes it has time, too. Brian Stevens, vice president of cloud platforms at Google (and former CTO of Red Hat), estimates that less than 5% of the apps that will live in the cloud have been moved or developed there yet. “We’re investing to be a major player in the cloud,” he says, adding that Google executives will always consider the company’s cloud unit “small” until it is the largest division within Google.

For context, in 2014 Google registered $59 billion in advertising revenue. Amazon will likely surpass $8 billion in IaaS sales this year.

Google has not failed in the cloud. Gartner Vice President and distinguished analyst Lydia Leong, who sizes up the market each year in her Magic Quadrant report, says Google has had “qualified success” in IaaS. It’s been much more successful than a whole host of others (VMware, Verizon, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, to name a few). But, Google is “not coming anywhere close to Azure. And Azure is nowhere close to touching Amazon,” Leong says. In her estimation, Google is orders of magnitude away from AWS. But, she says it’s pointed in the right direction.

Google lists businesses like Sony Music and Coca-Cola as customers.

Synergy Research Group – which tracks cloud provider market share and revenue – estimates that in the third quarter of 2015, AWS had 39% market share in the IaaS industry, with Microsoft at 11% and Google at 6%.

Google obstacles
So, why hasn’t Google taken off in the cloud? Let’s start with one of the company’s main marketing messages, that it gives customers access to the same internal services Google uses to power its own massive applications. In other words, you too can “run like Google.”

Gartner’s Leong says there have been a couple of issues with that campaign. First, there aren’t many other companies that really do have the enormous data and infrastructure needs that Google does. Those that do – like Facebook, Twitter and Yahoo – build their own clouds. So, Google could do more to convince organizations about the value of “running like Google.”

Second, Leong says Google’s internal platform was not designed to be a set of composeable web services; it was built for Google. AWS, on the other hand, built its cloud from scratch to sell it as a service.

“Externalizing it in a way customers can consume has been difficult,” Leong says of Google’s undoubtedly impressive infrastructure.

Google has also suffered from targeting bleeding-edge customers, yet having less in terms of breadth of IaaS services to offer, she says. “I’ve never felt that Google did not understand the enterprise,” Leong says. “But they’ve never seemed to have the institutional will to go after it in depth.”

Google officials acknowledge that AWS had a first-mover advantage in selling IaaS cloud services, but Google for Work Vice President Carl Schachter says his company has caught up. While Google does not release revenue figures, Cloud Platform is the fastest growing enterprise product in the company’s history, he claims.
The Google cloud plan

How will new cloud chief Greene accelerate that even further? For one, Google is increasing its sales force to sell to enterprises, Schachter says.

Merely bringing on Greene is powerful, too, even if she hasn’t made any moves yet. John Treadway, senior vice president at Cloud Technology Partners, asserts: “She has enterprise DNA.”

What’s more, Google is committed to price-competitiveness with AWS and Azure.
Realistically though, it will come down to products and service offerings targeted at enterprises. Schachter says enterprise customers have found success using Google’s cloud to manage data at scale, for example, by using the company's Big Query analytics-as-a-service offering. “We have an appreciation for big data,” he says. Customers also frequently use Google in no-ops (no operations) environments where developers employ the company’s advanced application development and container platforms App Engine and Kubernetes to quickly create and run massively scalable apps without provisioning infrastructure components.

No one questions the technical boldness of Google’s cloud, but some believe the company still needs to build up core infrastructure services to make them “enterprise-ready.” Independent cloud analyst Kurt Marko says Google could focus on features like data warehousing, application migration and integration services, single sign-on, authentication, virtual private networks and case studies of large organizations running “enterprise apps” on GCP. “[The company] needs to make Google Cloud look like a seamless extension of the enterprise in the way Microsoft does with Azure and Windows Server,” Marko says.

Google could mimic a successful Microsoft cloud strategy to appeal to enterprises. Microsoft has packaged IaaS Azure with its even more popular Office 365 cloud email and collaboration SaaS tools. It uses SaaS to sell IaaS. When Greene was hired to head Google’s cloud, she was given purview over not just Google Cloud Platform IaaS, but Google for Work and Google Apps too – which includes popular SaaS tools Gmail, Docs and Drive. Schachter, the Google for Work vice president, says the company will increase its cross-selling of these offerings.

“It’s incumbent upon us to bring that right blend of products and services, to expand the ecosystem and help organizations make that migration,” Schachter says.

Some users think Google has an opportunity. Brian McCallion, an independent consultant who helps large enterprises work with AWS’s cloud, says there is no shortage of customers clamoring to sign on with AWS. But, he does think there is room in the market for more than one provider.

Microsoft, he says, has rubbed some customers the wrong way with a culture over the past two decades of proprietary lock-in via Windows. Some people are just against using Azure for that reason.

That presents an opening for Google, McCallion says. Amazon has such huge demand across so many industries, that Google could find a way to offer some niche services to specific vertical markets – say finance or health care. “It would be hard for Google to offer everything Amazon offers,” he says. “But it could make some strategic investments in certain areas.”

When evaluating providers, Google is included in the conversation, McCallion says. If all Google really needs is more attention brought to its Google Cloud Platform, then the hiring of Greene could do just that.

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Hitch your IT career to a rising star with DevOps certification

Hitch your IT career to a rising star with DevOps certification

Savvy IT industry watchers have probably been noticing something called “DevOps” come gliding into view for a while now, striking regular pings on the scope of anyone scanning for either hot trends or spiking salaries. Even proponents of DevOps, however, sometimes struggle to define it in layman’s terms, a challenge that anyone who has ever tried to explain development methods like Agile or Scrum to someone outside of IT will understand. Beneath the jargon, however, there’s an important development model that is quickly gaining in popularity. If you’re involved in IT, then this is something that’s probably worth taking the time to understand.

What is DevOps?
DevOps is a compound of “development” and “operations.” It’s a software development method that stresses communication, collaboration, integration, automation, and measurement of cooperation between software developers and other information technology professionals. DevOps is often shown graphically as three overlapping circles consisting of Development, Quality Assurance, and Information Technology Operations, with DevOps being the area of overlap that ties all three circles together.

DevOps is so much more, however, than the intersection of three circles. It’s often the intersection of five or ten circles — it just depends on the company that the DevOps is supporting. DevOps spans the entire delivery pipeline. This includes improved deployment frequency, which can lead to faster time to market, lower failure rate of new releases, shortened lead time between fixes, and faster mean time to recovery in the event of a new release crashing or otherwise disabling the current system. Simple processes become increasingly programmable and dynamic when using a DevOps approach, which aims to maximize the predictability, efficiency, security, and maintainability of operational processes. Automation often supports this objective.

DevOps integration targets product delivery, quality testing, feature development, and maintenance releases in order to improve reliability and security and provide faster development and deployment cycles. Many of the ideas (and people) involved in DevOps come from the enterprise systems management and agile software development movements.

DevOps aids in software application release management for an organization by standardizing development environments. Events can be more easily tracked as well as resolving documented process control and granular reporting issues. Companies with release/deployment automation problems usually have existing automation but want to more flexibly manage and drive this automation without needing to enter everything manually at the command-line.

Ideally, this automation can be invoked by non-operations employees in specific non-production environments. The DevOps approach grants developers more control of the environment, giving infrastructure more application-centric understanding.

The adoption of DevOps is being driven by factors such as:
● Use of agile and other development processes and methodologies
● Demand for an increased rate of production releases from application and business unit stakeholders
● Wide availability of virtualized and cloud infrastructure from internal and external providers
● Increased usage of data center automation and configuration management tools
● Increased focus on test automation and continuous integration methods

According to David Geer, 42 percent of IT pros surveyed had adopted or planned to adopt DevOps development approaches (Information Week, 2014 DevOps Survey). That number ballooned to 66 percent of U.S. companies using DevOps approaches by the time of a Rackspace survey only 10 months later. With DevOps clearly taking over the coder’s realm, most programmers will eventually have to yield to and master this mindset.

What does DevOps mean for a programmer’s profession?
There's a lot of interest in DevOps in the IT world right now.DevOps introduces developers to operational requirements and the tools and methods necessary to ensure that the code they create is immediately functional, of high quality, and fit for the production environment. With solid training in these tools and methods, developers should find their talents highly sellable in a career world that is increasingly favorable to DevOps practitioners.

Adam Gordon, CTO of New Horizon Computer Learning Centers of south Florida, sats that important developer skills for DevOps environments include automating configuration management (infrastructure lifecycle management) using vendor-neutral tools such as Puppet, Chef, Ansible, SaltStack, and Docker. These tools integrate with a host of popular platforms and software including Amazon EC2, Amazon Web Services, CFEngine, Cisco, Eucalyptus, Google Cloud Platform, IBM Bluemix, Jelastic, Jenkins, Linux (various distributions), Microsoft Azure, OpenStack, OpenSVC, Rackspace, Rightscale, Salt, SoftLayer, Vagrant, VMware, and a rapidly expanding number of examples.

Some of the most popular vendor-specific DevOps platforms include those from Microsoft and VMware, says Gordon. Microsoft’s DevOps-related products include System Center with its System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM) and System Center Operations Manager (SCOM). These Microsoft developer tools enable functions such as automated configuration management, monitoring, and custom management pack development. VMware tools such as vCloud Air (vCloud Hybrid Service) bridge the VMware development platform to tools such as Puppet and Chef, according to Gordon, while the vRealize cloud management platform automates infrastructure and application delivery, monitoring, analytics, and management.

Finally, Red Hat Linux developers will find that learning to deploy this distribution can be useful for work in Red Hat-related DevOps environments.

Does everyone love DevOps?
No, not everyone. Take Jeff Knupp, for instance. In an April 2014 blog, Knupp claims that DevOps is “killing the developer.” Allow me to quote directly from Mr. Knupp’s post:

“There are two recent trends I really hate: DevOps and the notion of the ‘full-stack’ developer. The DevOps movement is so popular that I may as well say I hate the x86 architecture or monolithic kernels. But it’s true: I can’t stand it. The underlying cause of my pain? This fact: not every company is a start-up, though it appears that every company must act as though they were.

“DevOps is meant to denote a close collaboration and cross-pollination between what were previously purely development roles, purely operations roles, and purely QA roles. Because software needs to be released at an ever-increasing rate, the old ‘waterfall’ develop-test-release cycle is seen as broken. Developers must also take responsibility for the quality of the testing and release environments.

“The increasing scope of responsibility of the ‘developer’ (whether or not that term is even appropriate anymore is debatable) has given rise to a chimera-like job candidate: the ‘full-stack’ developer. Such a developer is capable of doing the job of developer, QA team member, operations analyst, sysadmin, and DBA. Before you accuse me of hyperbole, go back and read that list again. Is there any role in the list whose duties you wouldn’t expect a ‘full-stack’ developer to be well versed in?

“Where did these concepts come from? Start-ups, of course (and the Agile methodology). Start-ups are a peculiar beast and need to function in a very lean way to survive their first few years. I don’t deny this. Unfortunately, we’ve taken the multiple technical roles that engineers at start-ups were forced to play due to lack of resources into a set of minimum qualifications for the role of ‘developer.’ ”

“Imagine you’re at a start-up with a development team of seven. You’re one year into development of a web application that Xs all the Ys, and things are going well, though it’s always a frantic scramble to keep everything going. If there’s a particularly nasty issue that seems to require deep database knowledge, you don’t have the liberty of saying, ‘That’s not my specialty,’ and handing it off to a DBA team to investigate. Due to constrained resources, you’re forced to take on the role of DBA and fix the issue yourself.

“Now expand that scenario across all the roles listed earlier. At any one time, a developer at a start-up may be acting as a developer, QA tester, deployment/operations analyst, sysadmin, or DBA. That’s just the nature of the business, and some people thrive in that type of environment. Somewhere along the way, however, we tricked ourselves into thinking that because, at any one time, a start-up developer had to take on different roles, he or she should actually be all those things at once.

“If such people even exist, ‘full-stack’ developers still wouldn’t be used as they should. Rather than temporarily taking on a single role for a short period of time, then transitioning into the next role, they are meant to be performing all the roles, all the time. Most good developers can almost pull this off.”

Certifications in DevOps
The DevOps certification realm is taking root quickly. One organization that is out in front of the pack, however, is Amazon Web Services. If you want to make a strong move into DevOps, then consider any of the following credentials.

AWS Certified DevOps Engineer – Professional

Description
The AWS Certified DevOps Engineer – Professional exam validates technical expertise in provisioning, operating, and managing distributed application systems on the AWS platform. Exam concepts you should understand for this exam include the ability to:

● Implement and manage continuous delivery systems and methodologies on AWS
● Understand, implement, and automate security controls, governance processes, and compliance validation
● Define and deploy monitoring, metrics, and logging systems on AWS
● Implement systems that are highly available, scalable, and self-healing on the AWS platform
● Design, manage, and maintain tools to automate operational processes

Prerequisites
Required Prerequisite: status as AWS Certified Developer – Associate or AWS Certified SysOps Administrator – Associate

Eligibility
● Two or more years’ experience in provisioning, operating, and managing AWS environments
● Experience in developing code in at least one high-level programming language
● Experience in automation and testing via scripting/programming
● Understanding of agile and other development processes and methodologies

Exam
Multiple choice and multiple answer questions
170 minutes to complete the exam
Exam available in English
Exam registration fee is $300

DevOps is a hot trend in software development right now.AWS Certified SysOps Administrator – Associate
Description

The AWS Certified SysOps Administrator – Associate exam validates technical expertise in deployment, management, and operations on the AWS platform. Exam concepts you should understand for this exam include:

● Deploying, managing, and operating scalable, highly available, and fault tolerant systems on AWS
● Migrating an existing on-premises application to AWS
● Implementing and controlling the flow of data to and from AWS
● Selecting the appropriate AWS service based on compute, data, or security requirements
● Identifying appropriate use of AWS operational best practices
● Estimating AWS usage costs and identifying operational cost control mechanisms

Prerequisites

No prerequisites; recommend taking System Operations on AWS
Eligibility

● One or more years of hands-on experience in operating AWS-based applications
● Experience in provisioning, operating, and maintaining systems running on AWS
● Ability to identify and gather requirements to define a solution to be built and operated on AWS
● Capabilities to provide AWS operations and deployment guidance and best practices throughout the lifecycle of a project

Exam
Multiple choice and multiple answer questions
80 minutes to complete the exam
Available in English, Japanese, Simplified Chinese, and Brazilian Portuguese
Practice Exam Registration fee is $20
Exam Registration fee is $150

AWS Certified Developer – Associate
Description

The AWS Certified Developer – Associate exam validates technical expertise in developing and maintaining applications on the AWS platform. Exam concepts you should understand for this exam include:

● Picking the right AWS services for the application
● Leveraging AWS SDKs to interact with AWS services from your application
● Writing code that optimizes performance of AWS services used by your application
● Code-level application security (IAM roles, credentials, encryption, etc.)

Prerequisites
No prerequisites; recommend taking Developing on AWS
Eligibility
● One or more years of hands-on experience in designing and maintaining an AWS-based application
● In-depth knowledge of at least one high-level programming language
● Understanding of core AWS services, uses, and basic architecture best practices
● Proficiency in designing, developing, and deploying cloud-based solutions using AWS
● Experience with developing and maintaining applications written for Amazon Simple Storage Service, Amazon DynamoDB, Amazon Simple Queue Service, Amazon Simple Notification Service, Amazon Simple Workflow Service, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, and AWS Cloud Formation.

Exam
Multiple choice and multiple answer questions
80 minutes to complete the exam
Available in English, Simplified Chinese, and Japanese
Practice Exam Registration fee is $20
Exam Registration fee is $150

AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Professional
Description
The AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Professional exam validates advanced technical skills and experience in designing distributed applications and systems on the AWS platform. Example concepts you should understand for this exam include:

● Designing and deploying dynamically scalable, highly available, fault tolerant, and reliable applications on AWS
● Selecting appropriate AWS services to design and deploy an application based on given requirements
● Migrating complex, multi-tier applications on AWS
● Designing and deploying enterprise-wide scalable operations on AWS
● Implementing cost control strategies

Prerequisites
Status as AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Associate
Eligibility
● Achieved AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Associate
● Two or more years’ hands-on experience in designing and deploying cloud architecture on AWS
● Abilities to evaluate cloud application requirements and make architectural recommendations for implementation, deployment, and provisioning applications on AWS
● Capabilities to provide best practices guidance on the architectural design across multiple applications, projects, or the enterprise

Exam
Multiple choice and multiple answer questions
170 minutes to complete the exam
Exam available in English and Japanese
Practice Exam Registration fee is $40
Exam Registration fee is $300

AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Associate
Description

Intended for individuals with experience in designing distributed applications and systems on the AWS platform. Exam concepts you should understand for this exam include:
● Designing and deploying scalable, highly available, and fault tolerant systems on AWS
● Lift and shift of an existing on-premises application to AWS
● Ingress and egress of data to and from AWS
● Selecting the appropriate AWS service based on data, compute, database, or security requirements
● Identifying appropriate use of AWS architectural best practices
● Estimating AWS costs and identifying cost control mechanisms

Prerequisites
None, but it is recommended that candidates take the Architecting on AWS and AWS Certification Exam Readiness Workshop
Eligibility
● One or more years of hands-on experience in designing available, cost efficient, fault tolerant, and scalable distributed systems on AWS
● In-depth knowledge of at least one high-level programming language
● Ability to identify and define requirements for an AWS-based application
● Experience with deploying hybrid systems with on-premises and AWS components
● Capability to provide best practices for building secure and reliable applications on the AWS platform

Exam
Multiple choice and multiple answer questions
80 minutes to complete the exam
Available in English, Japanese, Simplified Chinese, Korean, French, German, Spanish, and Brazilian Portuguese
Practice Exam Registration fee is $20
Exam Registration fee is $150

There's a lot of interest in DevOps in the IT world right now.AWS Certified DevOps Engineer – Professional
Description

The AWS Certified DevOps Engineer – Professional exam validates technical expertise in provisioning, operating, and managing distributed application systems on the AWS platform. Exam concepts you should understand for this exam include the ability to:
● Implement and manage continuous delivery systems and methodologies on AWS
● Understand, implement, and automate security controls, governance processes, and compliance validation
● Define and deploy monitoring, metrics, and logging systems on AWS
● Implement systems that are highly available, scalable, and self-healing on the AWS platform
● Design, manage, and maintain tools to automate operational processes

Prerequisites
AWS Certified Developer – Associate
AWS Certified SysOps Administrator – Associate
Eligibility
● Two or more years’ experience in provisioning, operating, and managing AWS environments
● Experience in developing code in at least one high-level programming language
● Experience in automation and testing via scripting/programming
● Understanding of agile and other development processes and methodologies

Exam
Multiple choice and multiple answer questions
170 minutes to complete the exam
Exam available in English
Exam registration fee is $300

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The hidden pitfalls of going freelance in IT

Independence has its upsides and downsides. IT pros lend firsthand advice on the challenges of going solo

The life of an independent IT contractor sounds attractive enough: the freedom to choose clients, the freedom to set your schedule, and the freedom to set your pay rate while banging out code on the beach.

But all of this freedom comes at a cost. Sure, heady times for some skill sets may make IT freelancing a seller’s market, but striking out on your own comes with hurdles. The more you’re aware of the challenges and what you need to do to address them, the better your chance of success as an IT freelancer.

We talked with a number of current and former IT freelancers to get their take on the hidden troubles of going solo. Here’s what they said and how to make the best of the downsides of freedom.

Selling yourself from afar

You can’t get a gig without the client signing off, and often getting key stakeholders to accept you as a valued partner can be challenging -- especially when the work is remote.

“In order for a project to be successful, the client has to buy into you and the vision for the project,” says Nick Brattoli, founder and lead consultant at Byrdttoli Enterprise Consulting.

“This is exacerbated in the IT world, because more often than not, you are going to be working remotely,” says Brattoli, who’s been freelancing on and off for his entire IT career. “Technology is wonderful in that it makes it possible for us to work from anywhere with an Internet connection. But there is still value in being able to meet face-to-face, and many companies are hesitant to trust someone they haven’t met.”

In addition, at many companies the tech-savvy people running a project will know what needs to be done to meet the desired outcomes. “But once that’s all figured out, it is very hard to convince the people above them to go through with it,” Brattoli says. “Where technology is concerned, people who are less tech-savvy are going to be wary of any new changes to infrastructure.”

To get around these challenges, Brattoli recommends onsite travel to help generate buy-in; proposing various solutions of varying costs for a project; and constant communications after getting initial buy-in to manage expectations as much as possible.
Navigating non-negotiable agreements

Most companies have standard agreements in place to protect confidentiality and restrict competition. Such forms are usually non-negotiable, even for full-time employees, says Stanley Jaskiewicz, a business attorney at Spector Gadon & Rosen, who represents IT employers and freelancers.

For freelancers, these agreements can prove to be tricky business -- especially as they begin to add up.

“A freelancer will usually have no leverage to negotiate the restrictive covenants, or the scope of confidentiality,” Jaskiewicz says. This creates several risks, he says. For one, a signed form might prevent a freelancer from being able to make good on future job opportunities or require the freelancer to give ownership of a work product to the employer, without commensurate compensation for what the freelancer gives up.

Furthermore, such restrictions can accumulate rapidly over a career, making it hard to keep track of what you can or can’t do when presented with future job opportunities.

“The freelancer must keep careful records -- and constantly update one’s own knowledge -- of the restrictions to which he or she is subject,” Jaskiewicz says.

The alternative is to pay a lawyer to check each new job against all prior agreements, which is an economically unrealistic proposition for most freelancers.

“One freelancer I know has an exhaustive knowledge and well-indexed records of what he has signed, but he is the exception,” Jaskiewicz says.

A practical alternative (on the confidentiality side, at least) is to request the “standard” exceptions to confidentiality, Jaskiewicz says. These include prior knowledge, public knowledge, independent development without use of confidential information, receipt of information from a third party not bound by confidentiality with the disclosing party, and compelled disclosure (that is, in response to a subpoena or deposition).

HP exits low-cost tablet market in product shakeup

Even within IT departments there can be issues with your presence as a freelancer.

“When a consultant is placed in a team of permanent employees, there is sometimes some resentment toward the consultant, as they are usually earning more,” Weaver says. This can result in a lack of information sharing or the highly skilled IT work being allocated to full-time employees, with the menial work going to the more expensive and experienced consultant, he says.

This mistrust is even more pronounced when you want to change the way things are done -- even if it’s part of your contract.

“People immediately start panicking,” Weaver says. “They would rather have the painfully slow manual process that needs intervention on a daily basis than one that runs automatically and rarely breaks.”

Weaver’s business specializes in moving databases and applications into the cloud, and there is often resistance.

“Getting people to understand that [concept] is really, really hard work,” he says. “There isn't sufficient IT knowledge, and tech companies don't help, as new products aren't explained in a simple way that most people will understand.”

Educating people about IT and simplifying the details so that everyone can understand is key, Weaver says.
Riding out harsh realities and drumming up new business

Providing IT expertise, as with other types of freelancing, can be feast or famine. “At the first scent of an economic downturn, projects get canceled or postponed and IT consultants are either let go or not hired,” Weaver says.

“Many companies still have the old-fashioned view that IT is a cost center rather than a profit center, and as such IT departments are always one of the first places people look when they want to ‘trim the fat,’" Weaver adds.

While keeping a steady stream of work going can be a problem in general with freelancing, some say it’s an even bigger problem for IT freelancers.

“Most engineers and IT folks don’t consider sales and marketing to be their strongest skill, and for them to go out looking for new projects, discussing project road maps, and negotiating on the payments terms is not a fun experience,” says Abbas Akhtar, who freelanced as a software engineer for three years before launching a Web development company called
Solutions Park.

“Engineers generally would love it if they got a set of requirements, delivered the project, and got a check in the mail,” Akhtar says. “Freelancing means they have to do a lot more than just coding.”
Keeping up with technology changes

As anyone in IT knows, technology and how it’s used are constantly shifting. Freelancers especially are challenged when it comes to staying current with the ever-changing technology landscape.

“The resources available to a freelancer may not be sufficient to get trained on new technology, nor put that training into practice in a business environment to engrain the skills,” says Scott Smith, who has worked as an independent IT developer and database consultant and is currently a senior database administrator in the uTest software testing community.

To keep from falling behind, Smith participates in online webinars and forums within and outside the uTest community.

Sometimes change can put assignments in jeopardy. While working as a freelancer, Smith has participated in assignments where he was brought in to perform a specific task, then the scope of work changed to such an extent that it became impossible to complete the assignment.

“In these situations, you have to do your best to continue to provide value to the companies to make sure your brand is still seen in a positive light, despite not delivering on the initial projects,” Smith says.
Reconciling agile development with fixed-bid contracts

Many companies have adopted agile development methodologies to iterate their projects faster in hopes of gaining a competitive edge.

“This has been a boon for software developers -- both for full-time and freelancers,” says Damien Filiatrault, CEO and founder of Scalable Path, a network of more than 1,000 freelance developers. “Demand is high, supply is tight, and projects are numerous.”

But for freelancers, there remains a major disconnect between traditional fixed-bid contracting and agile software development projects, Filiatrault says. “Lots of time needs to be spent up front specifying functionality and scope before work even begins on a fixed-bid project,” he says.

Indeed, traditional fixed-bid contracts immediately put the client at odds with the contractor as soon as the contract is signed, because the client wants to jam as much functionality as it can into the project for the fixed price. “On the other hand, the contractor wants to spend as little time as he can on the job for the fixed price,” Filiatrault says.

Working in agile, where the client’s objectives evolve over time, is hamstrung by the fixed-bid contract. “The contractor wants to keep scope locked down as opposed to working in tandem with the client to evolve [the software] in a more collaborative way,” Filiatrault says. “Constant change orders to a fixed bid are tedious. In modern software development, it’s best for the software contractor to work on an hourly basis rather than on fixed contract price.”
Coping with communications gaps

Even within the same company, IT and non-IT people often don’t communicate well with each other. This can be an issue for freelancers as they try to stay in sync with clients.

“It is very true that engineers and non-engineers speak pretty much different languages,” Akhtar says. “The way an engineer looks at a problem and how a nontechnical person may look at a problem is very different.”

What might seemingly be a small issue for clients could actually require a decent amount of technical work to fix, and communicating this to nontechnical people can be tough.

For example, a client of Akhtar’s thought that having the ability to sell 10 items on its website instead of 20 should reduce the cost of the project by half.

“From an engineer’s perspective, once the core e-commerce experience has been built, the incremental effort to modify the number of items you can sell from one to anything is almost zero,” he says. “Freelancers find it a big pain trying to communicate ideas such as these to the client.”

While time management is a challenge that applies to almost any profession, IT freelancers are in a unique position because they might be called in to address issues when they least expect it -- throwing schedules into turmoil.

“Once you start to grow your business, time management becomes pivotal,” Brattoli says. “In order to grow, you need to manage your full-time job, your current freelancing projects, growing your business, training, and your personal life.”

This can become quite difficult in IT because many projects are not 9 to 5. “You may spend a day browsing the Internet, and you may work 24-plus hours straight because something blew up,” Brattoli says. “This flexible schedule can both make things difficult and allow you to succeed, depending on how you do it.”

Those working solo especially need to use their time wisely.

“A lot of tasks in the IT world involve doing a couple things, waiting a while, then doing some more things,” Brattoli says. “Rather than browsing the Internet without purpose every time you get these blocks of time, do some studying, read some blogs. Train yourself. On those days where you have nothing to do, bid on some jobs online, expand your LinkedIn network, plan out your dinner. Using your time wisely can alleviate a lot of stress.”

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10 Microsoft Office 2016 features you’ll love

Office 2016 offers many enhancements that integrate more tightly with SharePoint and OneDrive. It can be confusing to keep track of all the features, so we pick 10 you are sure to love.

Collaboration is the key to Microsoft’s still-ubiquitous productivity suite.

To the casual user, the applications that make upOffice 2016 – Word, Excel, PowerPoint and Outlook are the anchor tenants, of course, rounded out by OneNote, Access and Publisher – will be indistinguishable from their predecessors. But make no mistake about it; Microsoft’s reboot of its flagship software suite is a major update, offering a wealth of collaboration capabilities that integrate more tightly with SharePoint and OneDrive than before. The many tweaks and enhancements across the board can be confusing though, and we peek under the hood to highlight the features that matter most.

1. Real-time co-authoring
The capability to work on the same document simultaneously with your colleagues comes to the desktop version of the productivity suite in Office 2016. Colleagues can work on the same Word documents and PowerPoint presentations that are saved on SharePoint or OneDrive without overwriting each other’s changes. Note that the “real-time typing” feature in which you can see your colleagues working on the same document is only available in Word for now. PowerPoint supports co-authoring, but without real-time typing.

2. Simplified document sharing
You can now easily share your documents in Office 2016, courtesy of a prominent “Share” button in the Ribbon. Available across Word, Excel and PowerPoint, the Share button lets you share access to a document to your team members, and serves as a one-stop location to review access permissions or see who is currently working on the document. As with co-authoring, the files must be saved in either SharePoint or OneDrive in order to be shared.

3. Capability to send large files using OneDrive
While the ability to share large files by sending a private URL link to friends and colleagues is hardly a novel feature, the fact that it is now integrated into Office 365 should be of interest from a productivity point of view. File attachments added to an email message in Outlook are automatically converted into a link that recipients can click on to download, assuming they are already synced to an OneDrive account or SharePoint folder. You can also specify whether they can be edited, or opt to attach the file as a local file copy instead, too.

4. Improved versioning
Made a mistake while editing a document, or accidentally deleted a chunk of content some time back and only just realized it? For files saved on SharePoint and OneDrive for Business (This doesn’t work for OneDrive at the moment), Office 2016 allows you to view historical versions of Office files directly from within Word, Excel and PowerPoint. Simply go to File > Historyto see a list of all prior versions in the History pane, click on the desired version, and load it in a separate window. The feature is also useful for reviewing earlier drafts of documents when editing a file or collaborating with others.

5. Smart Lookup
Smart Lookup is a new feature that allows you to highlighting a word and selecting “Smart Lookup” from the context menu (right-click on the mouse) to quickly pull up some related information without having to leave your Office app. Use it to look up the definition of a new word, or to gain some context with an unfamiliar term. Results are Bing-powered and will load into an “Insights” pane within your current authoring environment.

6. Support for Office Groups 365 in Outlook
A new feature called Groups in Outlook 2016 was quietly added with the launch of Office 2016. While relatively little mention was made of it, the new tool essentially offers a superior way to eliminate traditional distribution lists or messy email chains for collaboration within teams and project groups – both at work or at home. Essentially, you can create a group for new colleagues or friends to join, with each group having its own shared inbox, calendar, file repository and even integrated OneNote notes.

7. New chart types
For those who felt that the selection of charts in Office is getting a tad boring, Microsoft added a bunch of new charts to Excel that should help users to do a better job when it comes to visualizing financial or hierarchical data. Use the following new charts on Word, Excel and PowerPoint: Treemap, Waterfall, Pareto, Histogram, Box and Whisker, and Sunburst. Click on the links to see how they look like, and how to use them.

8. One-click Forecasting
Excel ninjas will appreciate the ability to create a forecast from available data. This new capability is embedded within Excel’s charts feature, making it easy to derive quick and dirty projections with the click of a mouse. Microsoft says that the feature uses the industry standard Exponential Smoothing (ETS) algorithm to give reliable forecasting data. For employers, insisting that staffers use this feature could help cut down on shenanigans in which forecasts gets too “creative.”

9. Skype integration
One of the tighter integration that Office 2016 offers is how the various desktop apps now let users jump into a Skype call from within Word of Excel. Tap into the various capabilities in Skype such as Instant Messaging (IM), voice or video calls, as well as screen sharing without having to break out of your current workflow or to launch the Skype client.

10. Stronger cross-device support
Finally, there is no question that Office 2016 represents a key step forward a new world of cross-platform support with tighter integration across both platforms and apps than before. Importantly, there is no feeling that any of these Office apps are abandoned or even “left behind” in terms of the development curve.

Of course, many of the capabilities highlighted here do require a subscription to Office 365 to either use, or to derive the maximum benefit from. There is no question that the new productivity and collaboration enhancements are real though, which is as good an argument as any to consider Office 365.

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74-678 Designing and Providing Microsoft Volume Licensing Solutions to Large Organisations

QUESTION 1
A Datum wants to extend its on-premises server farm by deploying SQL Server to virtual machines in Microsoft Azure for a short-term development project.
How should you recommend that Contoso license the deployment?

A. Purchase virtual machines that run Windows Server through Azure and assign existing SQL Server licenses by using License Mobility within Server Farms.
B. Purchase virtual machines that run SQL Server through Azure.
C. Purchase virtual machines that run Windows Server through Azure and assign existing SQL Server licenses by using License Mobility through Software Assurance (SA).
D. Use MSDN licenses for Windows Server virtual machines and for SQL Server.

Answer: C

Explanation: * With License Mobility through Software Assurance, you can deploy certain server application licenses purchased under your Volume Licensing agreement in an
Authorized Mobility Partner’s datacenter. * Use License Mobility to:
Extend the value of your server application license by deploying them on-premises or in the cloud.
Take advantage of the lowest cost computing infrastructure for changing business priorities.

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QUESTION 2
A Datum plans to implement the VDI.
You need to recommend a solution to ensure that the sales office users can access their corporate desktop from a company-owned iPad. The solution must be the most cost-effective solution today and must ensure that the company meets the licensing requirements of the planned IT strategy.
Which two licenses should you include in the recommendation? Each correct answer presents part of the solution.

A. A Windows Virtual Desktop Access (VDA) license for each tablet
B. A Windows Companion Subscription (CSL) license for each primary device
C. A Windows 8.1 Enterprise Upgrade license for each tablet
D. An RDS User CAL for each sales office user

Answer: A,D

Explanation: A: VDA licensing is the recommended license for VDI access devices that do not
qualify for SA. VDA provides organizations with the ability to license Windows for use via devices that do not traditionally come with a Windows license, such as thin clients, smartphones, and tablet devices. Organizations can also use VDA to license devices that the organization does not own, such as employees’ home PCs and contractor devices.
D: The RDS CAL is the primary license for Microsoft VDI. It offers the flexibility to deploy both VDI and RDS Session Virtualization so that you can provide access to full desktop and shared desktop experiences. You must purchase one RDS CAL for each device or user that accesses VDI. A
* Scenario: A Datum plans to implement a Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) by using Remote Desktop Services (RDS) on Windows Server 2012 R2.
In line with the VDI implementation, all of the sales office users will be issued a tablet. A Datum wants to enable the users to work from their home computer as well, as the need arises. In addition, the company plans to enable a Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) strategy.

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QUESTION 3
Which two goals are met by the company's current licensing solution given the planned changes? Each correct answer presents part of the solution.

A. A Datum must run the most up-to-date versions of the desktop platform products to access the custom application.
B. A Datum wants the users to be able to access their corporate desktop from their home computer.
C. A Datum wants to deliver Windows and Office in a virtual desktop to the users.
D. A Datum wants to be able to install multiple virtual desktops on the device of each user.
E. A Datum wants the flexibility to deploy virtual desktops to the cloud.

Answer: B,C

Explanation: Not A: The latest versions can not be used. Not D, not E: No current cloud licensing exists.
* Scenario:
/ Current Licensing Solution
A Datum recently signed an Enterprise Agreement that includes Office Professional Plus, Windows Enterprise Upgrade, and Microsoft Core CAL Suite licensed per user.
Currently, all of the licenses for SQL Server are assigned to long-term workloads.
/ A Datum uses Microsoft Lync Server 2010, Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010, and Microsoft Exchange Server 2010. Various versions of Microsoft SQL Server are used heavily across the server farm both as an infrastructure product and as a data warehouse tool.
/ Business Goals
A Datum spent a significant amount of time developing a custom application that will be used by hundreds of the company's partners and suppliers. The application will always run on the latest version of SQL Server and SharePoint Server. A Datum wants the application
to be available to the users immediately.

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QUESTION 4
A Datum purchases Windows 8.1 Enterprise Upgrade licenses through their current agreement.
What are three benefits of these licenses compared to the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) licenses? Each correct answer presents a complete solution.

A. License Mobility rights
B. Rights to reassign licenses
C. Re-imaging rights
D. Perpetual usage rights
E. Windows Virtual Desktop Access (VDA) rights

Answer: B,D,E

Explanation: B: Windows Enterprise use rights are bound to the existing PC if SA is allowed to expire. And as before, Windows Enterprise edition upgrade licenses can be reassigned to a replacement device while SA is active, as long as the replacement device has a "qualifying OS."

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QUESTION 5
A Datum is evaluating moving the licensing of its desktop platform products to Office 365.
Which three licenses will make up its desktop platform? Each correct answer presents part of the solution.

A. Office 365 ProPlus
B. Windows Intune
C. Windows 8.1 Enterprise
D. Microsoft Core CAL Suite Bridge for Office 365
E. Office 365 Enterprise E3

Answer: A,D,E

Explanation: A: When you deploy Office 365 ProPlus, it's installed on the user's local computer. Office 365 ProPlus is offered as a monthly subscription.
D: Microsoft Client Access License (CAL) Suite Bridges are used when you are transitioning from a CAL Suite (on premises) to a comparable Product and Online Service combination.
* Scenario:
A Datum wants to improve the manageability and control of the users' desktops. In the short term, the company will deploy Windows 8.1 Enterprise and Office Professional Plus 2013 internally. During the next six months, A Datum plans to implement a Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) by using Remote Desktop Services (RDS) on Windows Server 2012 R2.

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7 serious software update SNAFUs of the last 25 years

Microsoft’s Windows 10 eager early upgrade wasn’t the first software update gone way too wrong.

Whoops
Microsoft’s Windows 10 eager early upgrade wasn’t the first software update gone way too wrong. Here are seven (more) serious software update SNAFUs.

AT&T Update Hangs Up LD Calls
In January 1990, AT&T hung up millions of LD calls after updating its 4ESS network switches in December. The company had coded a single-line error into the program’s recovery software. When a New York switch reset, the recovery software sent all the network hardware “crazy”.

TrendMicro marks Windows OS a virus
In September 2008, TrendMicro’s AV update tagged critical Microsoft Windows files as a virus, producing the dreaded Blue Screen of Death (BSOD). “I fixed some of those PCs while working at BestBuy. TrendMicro was our preferred AV software so a lot of clients were affected,” says Mike Garuccio, Garuccio Technical Services.

NT service pack packs a punch on PD
In September 2005, an LA area police department and an Alvaka Networks customer saw the chief and his lieutenants’ PCs crash. Updating HP desktop Windows NT 4.0 machines to Service Pack 6a caused the crashes. “It’s not pretty when the top brass at the PD cannot work,” says Oli Thordarson, CEO, Alvaka Networks.

Drivers drive admins nuts
In February 2000, Windows 2000 unleashed an updated hardware driver model that drove systems administrators nuts. “Printers, scanners, and peripherals stopped working regardless of Microsoft’s Windows Driver Model, which Microsoft lauded as a solution to migrating from Windows 98 to Windows 2000,” says Clay Calvert, director of CyberSecurity, MetroStar Systems.

AVG saddles Wintrust.dll with Trojan moniker
In March 2013, an updated AVG anti-virus program stopped trusting the benign Windows wintrust.dll file in Windows XP, marking it as a Trojan horse. Unwitting users who removed the file at the behest of AVG saw their PCs go kaput.

Microsoft Office 2000 update bug bite
In April 2003, the Microsoft Office 2000 SR-1 update spun out of control and into a continuous software registration request loop, asking customers to register their Microsoft Office 2000 product again, over and over and over.

Microsoft WGA finds its own software disingenuous
In August 2007, a newly updated Windows Genuine Advantage (WGA), which Microsoft created to seek, sort, and send Windows XP and Vista software pirates walking the proverbial plank instead identified many thousands of licensed copies of the popular OSs as unlicensed, informing innocent users of their digital high crimes against the software vendor and in the case of Vista, disabling numerous features.

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